中国组织工程研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (48): 8401-8406.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.48.017

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

围关节置换期并发血栓的诊断与治疗

李少斐1,2,赵建宁1,2,郭  亭2   

  1. 1南京大学医学院临床学院,江苏省南京市  210002
    2解放军南京军区南京总医院骨科,江苏省南京市  210002
  • 出版日期:2013-11-26 发布日期:2013-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 郭亭,博士,副主任医师,副教授,解放军南京军区南京总医院骨科,江苏省南京市 210002 guotingli@vip.sina.com
  • 作者简介:李少斐★,男,1988年生,山东省烟台市人,汉族,南京大学医学院在读硕士,主要从事骨科关节方面的研究。 leeshaofei@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    江苏省临床医学科技专项资助项目(BL2012002)*

Diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis during the perioperative period of joint replacement

Li Shao-fei1, 2, Zhao Jian-ning1, 2, Guo Ting2   

  1. 1Clinical College of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing  210002, Jiangsu Province, China
    2Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region of PLA, Nanjing  210002, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2013-11-26 Published:2013-11-26
  • Contact: Guo Ting, M.D., Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Clinical College of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region of PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China guotingli@vip.sina.com
  • About author:Li Shao-fei★, Studying for master’s degree, Clinical College of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region of PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China leeshaofei@gmail.com
  • Supported by:

    Special Projects of Science and Technology of Clinical Medicine in Jiangsu Province, No. BL2012002*

摘要:

背景:关节置换后患者围手术期凝血功能紊乱,易导致深静脉血栓发生,严重影响患者康复和预后,静脉血栓脱落栓子可导致肺动脉栓塞,病情严重者可危及生命,所以关节置换后深静脉血栓及肺动脉栓塞早期诊断尤为重要。
目的:综述近年国内外骨科关节置换后围手术期患者血栓临床诊断的研究进展。
方法:第一作者应用计算机检索2008年1月至2013年5月PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库有关国内外骨科关节置换后围手术期患者血栓临床诊断的文章,英文检索词为“arthroplasty,deep venous thrombosis,pulmonary artery embolism,risk factor,diagnostic approach,anticoagulant,perioperative period,research progress”;中文检索词为“关节置换,深静脉血栓,肺栓塞,危险因素,诊断方法,抗凝药物,围手术期,研究进展”。排除重复性研究。共检索到165篇相关文献,50篇文献符合纳入标准。
结果与结论:关节置换后下肢深部静脉血栓形成的病因及发病机制有多方面因素,组织血管损伤、患肢固定、疼痛应激及失血补液导致凝血功能紊乱是围手术期血栓形成的主要因素。深静脉血栓及肺动脉栓塞均有多种临床表现,应根据常见临床表现积极诊断干预,诊断方式多样,均有一定局限性,一般而言先从超声、心电图等常规检查开始,必要时应多种方式联合以最大程度提高阳性诊断率,明确诊断后给予积极药物干预,避免不良事件的发生。新型口服抗凝药物临床实验效果满意,广泛临床应用疗效有待进一步观察。

关键词: 骨关节植入物, 骨与关节综述, 关节置换, 深静脉血栓, 肺栓塞, 凝血功能, 抗凝药物, 围手术期, 省级基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The coagulation function of patients after joint replacement is enhanced during the perioperative time, the coagulation disorder can easily lead to the deep vein thrombosis, which will seriously affect the rehabilitation and prognosis of patients. The embolus falling off from venous thrombosis can lead to acute pulmonary embolism, severe cases can be life-threatening. So the early diagnosis of postoperative deep vein thrombosis and acute pulmonary embolism is very important.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of clinical diagnosis of thrombosis in the perioperative patients after orthopaedic joint replacement.
METHODS: A computer-based retrieve in PubMed database and CNKI database were conducted by the first author for the articles on the clinical diagnosis of thrombosis in the perioperative patients after orthopaedic joint replacement from January 2008 to May 2013 with the key words of “arthroplasty, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary artery embolism, risk factor, diagnostic approach, anticoagulant, perioperative period, research progress” in English and Chinese. A total of 165 articles were screened out, and finally 50 articles were included according to the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After joint replacement surgery, various risk factors were associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of deep venous thrombosis, such as vascular and tissue impairments, limb fixation, pain stress, and hemorrhagic fluid caused coagulation disorder, were the main reasons to thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism had variety of clinical manifestations, many diagnostic approaches were widely applied in clinic, but each one has its laminations. So the positive diagnosis intervention should be performed according to the common clinical manifestations, generally begin from the routine examinations of ultrasound and electrocardiogram, and the combination of various methods was preferred if necessary in order to increase the positive diagnosis rate to the maximum extent, and take drug intervention immediately after diagnosis to avoid the happening of adverse events. Several new types of oral anticoagulants appear in clinical trials, and the outcomes are very promising, but the widely clinical application needs further observation.

Key words: arthroplasty, replacement, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, perioperative care

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